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Archaeology Under Water

The book deals with the ancient exploitation and production of copper, exemplified by the mining district of Faynan, Jordan. It is an interdisciplinary study that comprises (mining-) archaeological and scientific aspects. The development of organisational patterns and technological improvements of mining and smelting through the ages (5th millennium BC to Roman Byzantine period), in a specific mining region, is discussed. Principles of modern archaeometallurgy in the field and laboratory are explained. An important focus are mineralogical and chemical slag investigations and on the role of trace elements and lead isotope abundance ratios in ores and metals. Provenance studies show the distribution of Faynan copper in the Southern Levant in the Early Bronze Age.

This book provides a definitive overview of hunter-gatherer historiography, from the earliest anthropological writings through to the present day. What can early visions of the hunter-gatherer tell us about the societies that generated them? How do diverse national traditions, such as American, Russian and Japanese, manifest themselves in hunter-gatherer research? How does current thinking on the subject reflect trends within the social sciences? Answering these questions and many more, this book provides a much-needed assessment of the history of thought on one of science’s most intriguing subjects.